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Aggregate income〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.allbusiness.com/barrons_dictionary/dictionary-aggregate-income-4950183-1.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-students/2012s/sa_junjul09_nair.pdf )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.econ2.uni-bonn.de/members-of-the-chair/hildenbrand/individual-versus-aggregate-income-elasticities-for-heterogeneous-populations.pdf )〕 is the total of all incomes in an economy without adjustments for inflation, taxation, or types of double counting.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ask.com/world-view/double-counting-economics-d41791847cb48755 )〕 Aggregate income is a form of GDP that is equal to Consumption expenditure plus net profits. 'Aggregate income' in economics is a broad conceptual term. It may express the proceeds from total output in the economy for producers of that output. There are a number of ways to measure aggregate income,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://beta.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/measuring-national-income )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lidderdale.com/econ/104/ch4Lect.html )〕 but GDP is one of the best known and most widely used. ==Measurement using GDP== GDP stands for gross domestic product. GDP is a measure of the economic output of a country. It is usually defined as the total market value of goods and services produced within a given period after deducting the cost of goods and services used up in the process of production, but before allowances for depreciation. Most countries compile estimates of their GDP based on guidelines from the United Nations. GDP (Y) is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G) and net exports (X – M). Y = C + I + G + (X − M)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.econport.org/content/handbook/NatIncAccount/CalculatingGDP.html )〕 Here is a description of each GDP component: C (consumption)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/consumption.html )〕 is normally the largest GDP component in the economy, consisting of private (household final consumption expenditure) in the economy. These personal expenditures fall under one of the following categories: durable goods, non-durable goods, and services. Examples include food, rent, jewelry, gasoline, and medical expenses but does not include the purchase of new housing. I (investment)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investment.asp )〕 includes, for instance, business investment in equipment, but does not include exchanges of existing assets. Examples include construction of a new mine, purchase of software, or purchase of machinery and equipment for a factory. Spending by households (not government) on new houses is also included in investment. In contrast to its colloquial meaning, "investment" in GDP does not mean purchases of financial products. Buying financial products is classed as 'saving', as opposed to investment. This avoids double-counting: if one buys shares in a company, and the company uses the money received to buy plant, equipment, etc., the amount will be counted toward GDP when the company spends the money on those things; to also count it when one gives it to the company would be to count two times an amount that only corresponds to one group of products. Buying bonds or stocks is a swapping of deeds, a transfer of claims on future production, not directly an expenditure on products. G (government spending)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.heritage.org/index/government-spending )〕 is the sum of government expenditures on final goods and services. It includes salaries of public servants, purchases of weapons for the military and any investment expenditure by a government. It does not include any transfer payments, such as social security or unemployment benefits. X (exports)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/export.asp )〕 represents gross exports. GDP captures the amount a country produces, including goods and services produced for other nations' consumption, therefore exports are added. M (imports)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/import.asp )〕 represents gross imports. Imports are subtracted since imported goods will be included in the terms G, I, or C, and must be deducted to avoid counting foreign supply as domestic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aggregate income」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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